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Geography of Kolkata
Kolkata is located in the eastern part of India. It has spread linearly along the banks of the Hooghly River. The Kolkata Municipal Corporation has an area of 185 square kilometres. The city is near sea level, with the average elevation being 17 feet.〔(Calcuttaweb site )〕 The whole area is in the Ganges Delta and is monotonously plain. The Bay of Bengal coastline is about 60 miles to the south. The Sundarbans National Park starts within 100 km south to the city. Most of the city was originally marshy wetlands, remnants of which can still be found especially towards the eastern parts of the city where the remaining wetlands have been converted to fish farming centres. Human habitation has led to the establishment of mature trees and shrubs. The original marshland has been changed to a primarily moist deciduous habitat which flourishes under the high rainfall and sunny humid climate.〔(Kolkatabirds site )〕 As in most of the Indo-Gangetic plain, the soil type is predominantly alluvial.
==Geology==
As with most of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, the soil and water are predominantly alluvial in origin. Kolkata is located over the "Bengal basin", a pericratonic tertiary basin. Bengal basin comprises three structural unit: shelf or platform in the west; central hinge or shelf/slope break; and deep basinal part in the east and southeast. Kolkata is located atop the western part of the hinge zone which is about wide at a depth of about below the surface.〔 The shelf and hinge zones have many faults, among them some are active. Total thickness of sediment below the Kolkata is nearly above the crystalline basement; of
these the top is quaternary, followed by of tertiary sediments, trap wash of cretaceous trap and permian-carboniferous Gondwana rocks.〔 The quaternary sediments consist of clay, silt, and several grades of sand and gravel. These sediments are sandwiched between two clay beds: the lower one at a depth of ; the upper one in thickness. According to the Bureau of Indian Standards, on a scale ranging from in order of increasing susceptibility to earthquakes, the city lies inside seismic zone III.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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